Geese and speckled woods

Saw a skein of geese flying high in a SE direction in Durham last night. Earlier than last year.

Walked in Castle Eden Dene today. Beautiful sunny day. Saw lots of speckled wood butterflies in the dappled shade of the woods at the mouth of the dene.
Got quite close to a male kestrel perched on the shelving cliffs at the dene mouth.

Amazed by the height of the railway viaduct which carries the line over the dene. How did they construct this?